Graham A. Cole teaches biblical and systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. Readers of The Pneuma Review will probably remember his excellent contribution about pneumatology, also from Crossway, entitled He Who Gives Life (2007). This brief book seems to have grown out of the same research but aimed at more popular audience.

Indeed, herein Cole seeks to biblically – and sequentially – address six questions, all of which are both crucial and common, about the person and the works of the Holy Spirit. Cole contends that despite the growth of the charismatic movement and Pentecostal churches, people still have questions – even troubling concerns – about the person and work of the Holy Spirit. These real questions are the burden of this book, questions that affect a person’s relationship to the Spirit, including: 1. What is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit?; 2. How does a person resist the Spirit?; 3. Ought we to pray to the Spirit?; 4. How do we quench the Spirit?; 5. How do we grieve the Spirit?; and 6. How does the Spirit fill us?

Each chapter is devoted to only one question and challenges readers about their relationship with the Spirit, as well as about Christian living in general. Readers are also given key elements for thinking theologically about contemporary issues, as well as further implications regarding their belief and behavior. Notably, thinking theologically, according to Cole, involves three specific components, all of which are necessary to “run the race with endurance.” First, viewing the Word of revelation, illuminated and applied by the Spirit, as foundational for life and thought. Secondly, taking heed to the “great cloud of witnesses” in Christian history. Third, recognizing the human predicament in the world as living in-between the Cross and the coming reign of God on the new earth. Taking these three into consideration enables one not only to reflect correctly on the Holy Spirit, but also to work (actively) wisdom in the day(s) at hand. After all, theology without application is ‘abortion’ (17). In sum, this is a reader-friendly book – both brief and full of solid, reassuring answers, and should be a welcome addition to any library.

Reviewed by Bradford McCall

Graham A. Cole is professor of biblical and systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, IL. He is an ordained Anglican minister, and has written several other books regarding Evangelical theology. This book is an addition to Crossway’s Foundations of Evangelical Theology series, and discusses the role of the Holy Spirit within Evangelical doctrine. Cole is an ardent Trinitarian theologian and offers here one of the most definitive treatments of pneumatology available today. Cole approaches this from a solidly Reformed theology, but he is notably ecumenical in his treatments of contentious issues regarding pneumatology. Authors from both the Eastern and Western traditions are covered, and at the end of each chapter many questions for our generation are raised and various implications to pneumatology are highlighted. So then, the book is practical and well-written. Taking this ecumenical approach allows the reader to gain a better understanding of the differences for him/herself, and thus enables them to become better theologians. The book is thoroughly biblically-based (Cole admits to a high view of Scripture in the introduction, calling it the “norming norm,” whereas tradition, experience and reason are “ruled norms”), and is illuminated by theological reflections on the doctrine of the Holy Spirit. In engaging theology, Cole brings Basil of Caesarea, Augustine, Aquinas, Calvin, Barth and Moltmann to bear on issues of pneumatology.

Cole demonstrates an evidence-based approach to theology within this book in that he engages information bearing on the truth of falsity of a proposition. Cole invokes Bonhoeffer in stating that we must learn to know the Scriptures once again, for they are the basis of our evidence for forming a doctrine of the Spirit. Cole acknowledges four distinct periods of Pneumatological discussion, to which I would a fifth. First, Cole recognizes the Patristic era, which was concerned with the ontology (derivation of, i.e.) the Spirit. Second, Cole recognizes the Medieval period, which saw the schism between the Eastern and Western branches of the church in due part to the doctrine of the Spirit’s ontology. Third, Cole recognizes the Reformation period, in which more emphasis was given to the works of the Spirit over the ontology of the Spirit. Fourth, Cole notes that the Modern period, characterized by Whitefield and Wesley, highlighted the Spirit’s role in regeneration and sanctification. The fifth period, which Cole does not directly indicate but does peripherally allude to, is what I refer to as the Post-modern period, in which pneumatology is beginning to be seen as the avenue to engage a theology of religions (reference Amos Yong’s groundbreaking work in Beyond The Impasse).

In the first part of Cole’s book, he addresses the mystery of the Spirit. Also within this first part of the book, Cole examines the personhood of the Spirit, the deity of the Spirit, and the relation of the Spirit to the Godhead. In the second part of this book, Cole turns from the person of the Spirit to the works of the Spirit, for, as Cole indicates, operation follows being. So then, Cole agrees with the notion that what can be said of the work of the Spirit is predicated on what can be said of the person of the Spirit. In this second part, Cole explicitly interacts with the Old Testament, and derives from it what can be predicated to the Spirit (though he acknowledges that the writers of the OT were not “Trinitarian” per se). In the third part of this book, Cole turns his attention to the New Testament, and continues to explore the work(s) of the Spirit. In this third part, Cole highlights the Spirit’s empowering Jesus as Messiah, the role of the Spirit in the life of God’s people, and the role of the Spirit in fostering community amongst God’s people.