Leadership in the Local Church: Discerning Practical Value and Developing Theological Foundations
6 Ibid: 107.
7 Ibid: 132.
8 James K. Bruckner, New International Biblical Commentary: Exodus (Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson, 2008), 43. This is because Yahweh chose not to act alone. Rather, God “maintained” and strengthened” Moses’ leadership role in the eyes of the people. “The people needed a human leader who was present to lead.” In spite of this, they would still challenge his leadership later. See Bruckner, 134. Cf. Ex 14:19-31 and Num 16.
9 J. Gordon Harris, Cheryl A. Brown, and Michael S. Moore, New International Commentary: Joshua, Judges, Ruth, (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000), 3.
10 Ibid: 4.
11 Ibid: 11.
12 La Sor, OT Survey, 149.
13 Ibid: 152.
14 Mary J. Evans, New International Biblical Commentary: 1 and 2 Samuel (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2000), 4.
15 Harris, NIC, 123.
16 Wilf Hildebrandt “From Chaos to the City of God: The Spirit and the Fulfillment of the Biblical Mission.” Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Pentecostal Studies (Guadalajara, Mexico. 11-13 Nov 1993), 14-15.
17 Donald C. Stamps and J. Wesley Adams, eds., The Full Life Study Bible (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1992), 986.
18 Ibid: 986.
19 Evans, NIBC, 4.
20 Ibid: 5.
21 Ibid: 9.
22 “Ezra,” Encarta Reference Encyclopedia (20 Feb 2001).
23 J. Oswald Sanders, Spiritual Leadership (Chicago: Moody, 1967, 1980), 23-30.
24 Ibid: 25-26.
25 Ibid: 27-30.
26 Stamps and Adams, FLSB, 1057.
27 Arrington, “Acts,” 535-692 (564-65), French L. Arrington and Roger Stronstad, eds. Full Life Bible Commentary to the New Testament: An International Commentary for Spirit-Filled Christians (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990).
28 Deborah Menken Gill “1 Timothy,” Arrington and Stronstad, 1219-58 (1234, 1240) and “Titus,” Arrington and Stronstad, 1275-83 (1276).
29 Arrington, in Arrington and Stronstad, “Acts” 566-78.
30 See George Barna, Second Coming of the Church, (Nashville: Word-Thomas Nelson, 1998), 29.
31 Charles W. Conn, Like a Mighty Army: A History of the Church of God, 2nd ed. (Cleveland, TN: Pathway, 1996): 468-70.
32 Lamar Vest, “A New Look at Leadership,” Profiles: A Monthly Magazine for Church of God Ministers (Sept. 2000: 1+), 3.
33 John C. Maxwell, Developing the Leader within You (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1993), 1-2; see Sanders, Spiritual Leadership, 31.
34 George Barna, ed. Leaders on Leadership (Ventura, CA: Regal, 1997), 20-23.
35 Jay E. Adams, Shepherding God’s Flock: Pastoral Leadership (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1975), 6-9.
36 Robert D. Dale, Leading Edge: Leadership Strategies from the New Testament, (Nashville: Abingdon, 1996), 22.
37 Paul L. Walker, The Ministry of Church and Pastor (Cleveland, TN: Pathway, 1965), 78.
38 Thomas C. Oden, Pastoral Theology: Essentials of Ministry (San Francisco: HarperCollins, 1983), 52.
39 Ibid: 53-54.
40 E.g., The Power of Vision (Ventura, CA: Regal, 1992).
41 Barna, Second Coming, 29.
42 Ibid: 29.
43 “The church’s relational identity and communal purpose also shapes the church’s activity, including its approach to leadership, worship and outreach”, Brad Harper and Paul Louis Metzger, Exploring Ecclesiology: An Evangelical and Ecumenical Introduction (Grand Rapids: Brazos, 2009), 20. Also, our trinitarian theology, especially whether we perceive the Trinity in egalitarian or hierarchical terms, greatly affects our leadership structures, 184. However, the present essay is not concerned with structures so much as with leadership roles within whatever structures a church leader may find him/herself serving.
44 Frank Damazio, The Making of a Leader (Portland, OR: City Bible, 1988), 2.
45 Lamar Vest, Spiritual Balance: Reclaiming the Promise (Cleveland, TN: Pathway, 1994), 106-107.
46 Guy P. Duffield and N. M. Van Cleave, Foundations of Pentecostal Theology (Los Angeles: L.I.F.E. Bible College, 1987), 420.
47 Ibid: 423-30.
48 Ibid: 430-35.
49 Ibid: 427.
50 French Arrington, Christian Doctrine: A Pentecostal Perspective 3 vols. (Cleveland, TN: Pathway, 1992-1994): 3:165-75.
51 Ibid: 177.
52 Ibid: 177-85.
53 Ibid: 187.
54 Ibid: 191.
55 Ibid: 189-99.
56 Peter D. Hocken, “Church, Theology of,” Stanley M. Burgess, Gary B. McGee, and Patrick H. Alexander, eds. Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids: Regency-Zondervan, 1988), 211-18 (211).
57 Ibid: 212.
58 Ibid: 212.
59 Ibid: 213.
60 Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations, 422.
61 Hocken, “Church,” 213.
62 Tony Richie, “The Manifestation of the Spirit as a Continuation of the Theophanic Tradition,” Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Society for Pentecostal Studies (Guadalajara, Mexico: 11-13 Nov. 1993).
63 Hocken, “Church,” 214.
64 Ibid: 214.
65 Arrington, Christian Doctrine, 3:70-75.
66 Duffield and Van Cleave, Foundations, 308.
67 Hocken, “Church,” 217.
68 Peter W. Marty, “Shaping Communities: Pastoral Leadership and Congregational Formation,” 306-28, For Life Abundant: Practical Theology, Theological Education, and Christian Ministry, eds. Dorothy C. Bass and Craig Dykstra (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008), suggests pastoral leadership is often the decisive difference in the communal life of a church, 321, adding that “reflective pastoral leadership” includes helping people find their “theological voice”, 323.
69 Ray H. Hughes, “Church Leadership,” in Stanley M. Burgess, Gary B. McGee, and Patrick H. Alexander, eds., Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids: Regency-Zondervan, 1988), 195-96 (195).
70 Ibid: 196. Of great importance for contemporary church leadership, but not covered in this essay because of the specific nature of its focus, is the role of women. Harper and Metzger note that Acts 2 indicates “Women, upon whom Joel declares the Spirit of prophecy will fall in the last days, are included in the leadership of this new community”, Exploring Ecclesiology, 73. I concur. Kimberly Ervin Alexander and R. Hollis Gause, Women in Leadership: A Pentecostal Perspective, Pentecostal Leadership Series (Center for Pentecostal Leadership & Care, 2006) make a strong case for the positive and vital nature of women’s leadership role.
71 Hughes, “Church Leadership,” 196.
72 Ibid: 196.
73 Vinson Synan, “Pastor, Role of,” in Stanley M. Burgess, Gary B. McGee, and Patrick H. Alexander, eds., Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids: Regency-Zondervan, 1988): 662-63.
74 Ibid: 662.
75 Ibid: 662.
76 Ibid: 662.
77 Ibid: 662.
78 Ibid: 663.
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